Fluconazole: Tablet/Capsule/Suspension/I.V infusion
Fluconazole is a triazole antifungal drug. It is active against a broad sprectrum of fungal pathogens. It is available as -tablet, capsule and suspension for i.v infusion.
Mode of action: Fluconazole acts by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a major component of the cell membrane of yeast and fungi.
Indication:It is indicated in the treatment of acute or recurrent vaginal candidiasis, mucosal candidiasis (a.s oropharyngeal candidiasis, oesophagitis, candiduria), systemic candidiasis, oesophagitis, candiduria),systemic candidiasis and cryptococcal infections (including meningitis).
Contra Indication:It is contraindicated to patients hypersenitive to this to this drug and in advanced liver disease.
Side Effect: Nausea, abdoninal discomfort, diarrhoea, and flatulence; occasionally abnormalities of liver enzymes; rarely rash (discontinue treatment); angioedema, anaphylaxis and Stevens-Jonson syndrkome reported; fixed drug eruption also reported.
Precaution: Caution should be taken in renal inpairment, pregnancy and breast feeding and in raised liver enzymes; children (use only if imperative and if no altermative treatment; not recommended under 1year). Avoid concomitant administratin with astemizole or terfenadine.
Pregnancy & lactation: Caution should be taken during pregnancy (toxicity at doses in animal studies) & breast-feeding. The use of fluconazole in lactating mothers is not recommended.
Dosage &; administration: Acute or recurrent vaginal candidiasis, by mouth, a single dose of 150mg. Mucosal candidiasis (except vaginal), by mouth, 50mg daily (100mg daily in unusally difficult infections) given for 7-14 days in oropharyngeal candidiasis (max. 14 days except in severely immunocompromised patients ); for 14 days in atrophic oral candidiasis associated with dentures; for 14-30 says in other mucosal infections (e.g. oesophagitis, candiduria).
Tinea pedis, corporis, cruris, versicolor, and dermal candidiasis, by mouth, 50 mg daily for 2-4 weeks (for up to 6 weeks in tinea pedis); max. duration of treatment 6 weeks.
Systemic candidasis and cryptococcal infections (including meningitis), by mouth or i.v infusion, 400mg initially then 200mg daily; increased if necessary to 400mg daily; treatment continued according to response (at least 6-8 weeks for cryptococcal menigitis). Prevention of relapse of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients after completion of primary therapy, 100-200mg daily. Prevention of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients following cytotoxic chemotherapy according to risk; 400mg daily if high risk of systemic risk of systemic infection e.g. following bone-marrow transplantation; commence treatment before anticipated onset of neutrophil count in desirable range.
Children- oveer 1 year (see cautions), by mouth or by i.v infusion, superficial candidal infections, 1-2 mg /kg daily; systemic candidiasis and cryptococcal infections, 3-6mg/kg daily (in serious life-threatening infections up to 12mg/kg daily has been given to children aged 5-13 years- max. 400mg daily)
Drug interaction: Rifampicin reduces plasma concentration of fluconazole. Effect of nicoumalone, phenytoin and warfarin is enhanced. Plasma concentrations of sulphonyreas & theophyline is possibily increased.
Mode of action: Fluconazole acts by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a major component of the cell membrane of yeast and fungi.
Indication:It is indicated in the treatment of acute or recurrent vaginal candidiasis, mucosal candidiasis (a.s oropharyngeal candidiasis, oesophagitis, candiduria), systemic candidiasis, oesophagitis, candiduria),systemic candidiasis and cryptococcal infections (including meningitis).
Contra Indication:It is contraindicated to patients hypersenitive to this to this drug and in advanced liver disease.
Side Effect: Nausea, abdoninal discomfort, diarrhoea, and flatulence; occasionally abnormalities of liver enzymes; rarely rash (discontinue treatment); angioedema, anaphylaxis and Stevens-Jonson syndrkome reported; fixed drug eruption also reported.
Precaution: Caution should be taken in renal inpairment, pregnancy and breast feeding and in raised liver enzymes; children (use only if imperative and if no altermative treatment; not recommended under 1year). Avoid concomitant administratin with astemizole or terfenadine.
Pregnancy & lactation: Caution should be taken during pregnancy (toxicity at doses in animal studies) & breast-feeding. The use of fluconazole in lactating mothers is not recommended.
Dosage &; administration: Acute or recurrent vaginal candidiasis, by mouth, a single dose of 150mg. Mucosal candidiasis (except vaginal), by mouth, 50mg daily (100mg daily in unusally difficult infections) given for 7-14 days in oropharyngeal candidiasis (max. 14 days except in severely immunocompromised patients ); for 14 days in atrophic oral candidiasis associated with dentures; for 14-30 says in other mucosal infections (e.g. oesophagitis, candiduria).
Tinea pedis, corporis, cruris, versicolor, and dermal candidiasis, by mouth, 50 mg daily for 2-4 weeks (for up to 6 weeks in tinea pedis); max. duration of treatment 6 weeks.
Systemic candidasis and cryptococcal infections (including meningitis), by mouth or i.v infusion, 400mg initially then 200mg daily; increased if necessary to 400mg daily; treatment continued according to response (at least 6-8 weeks for cryptococcal menigitis). Prevention of relapse of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients after completion of primary therapy, 100-200mg daily. Prevention of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients following cytotoxic chemotherapy according to risk; 400mg daily if high risk of systemic risk of systemic infection e.g. following bone-marrow transplantation; commence treatment before anticipated onset of neutrophil count in desirable range.
Children- oveer 1 year (see cautions), by mouth or by i.v infusion, superficial candidal infections, 1-2 mg /kg daily; systemic candidiasis and cryptococcal infections, 3-6mg/kg daily (in serious life-threatening infections up to 12mg/kg daily has been given to children aged 5-13 years- max. 400mg daily)
Drug interaction: Rifampicin reduces plasma concentration of fluconazole. Effect of nicoumalone, phenytoin and warfarin is enhanced. Plasma concentrations of sulphonyreas & theophyline is possibily increased.
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