Ciprofloxacin

Ciprofloxacine :  is a synthetic 4-quinolone derivative. It has bacterial activity against a wide range of gram positive and gram negative organism.Most of south asian country like India,Bangladesh etc,are use this drug like OTC product. Here village Doctor who are not enough knowledge about any medicine , they are miss-use this drug. so maximum people here resistant this medicine.

Mode of Action : - The mode of action of the quinolones is not fully known. In susceptible bacteria, quinolone inhibit the activity of DNA gyrase (topoisomerase-11), an essential bacterial enzyme required for DNA replication, transcription, repair, and re combination. The drugs are bactericidal during the stationary growth phase, as well as in the logarithmic growth phase of certain bacteria(other anti-infective agents are most active during the logarithmic growth phase). Quinolone also inhibit topoisomease-IV, an enzyme structurally similar to DNA gyrase and essential for bacterial DNA replication.Topoisomerase-IV may be the primary target of major quinlones in gram positive bacteria,(DNA gyrase appears to be the main target in gram negative bacteria). The targets of older quinolones (ciprofloxacine,and other second generation agents) probably are different from the targets of the newer agents.

 Indication :-     Urinary Tract Infection, infections of ear,nose,throat,eyes,skin and soft tissue infections, bone joints,and gestro-intestinal tract. Gonorrohoea, severe systemic infection and gram negative pneumonia.

Ciprofloxacin is particularly active against gram negative bacteria, including sulmonilla, shigella, camphylobacter,neisseria and pseudomonas. It has moderate activity against against gram positive bacteria such as streptococcus pneumonia and streptococcus faecalis.

It has also wide range of coverage like other quinlones drug.

Contra Indication:   Growing adolescents,except where benefits exceed risks;pregnancy and lactation ;epilepsy and history of CNS disorders.

Side Effects :- Nausia,

                        Vomiting,     

                        diarrhoea,dyspepsia,abdominal pain,dizziness,rash,pruritus,headache, restlessness,tremor,confusion,convulsion,hallucinations,somonolence,blured vission, muscle and joint pain,photo sensitivity, blood disorder including essenophillia,leucopenia,thrombocytopenia,,Steven-Jhonson syndrome and tachycardia reported.

Caution:-4-quinolones should be used with caution in patients with epilepsy, in hepatic or renal impairment, in pregnancy,during breast feeding,and in children or adolescent(arthopathy has developed in weight-bearing joints in young animals). 4-quinolones may induce convulsion in patients with or with out a history of convulsions;talking NSAIDs at the same time may also induce them. The drug should be discontinued if mental, neurological or hypersensitivity reactions occur with the first dose.
Some Trade Name:    500mg/250mg/750mg tablet,syrup,injection -Neofloxin , Cipro-A,Ciprocin,Serviflox,bactin etc.